Preface
Part One: Introduction and Tutorial
1 Introduction
1.1 The Java Platform and Host Environment
1.2 Role of the JNI
1.3 Implications of Using the JNI
1.4 When to Use the JNI
1.5 Evolution of the JNI
1.6 Example Programs
2 Getting Started
2.1 Overview
2.2 Declare the Native Method
2.3 Compile the
HelloWorldClass2.4 Create the Native Method Header File
2.5 Write the Native Method Implementation
2.6 Compile the C Source and Create a Native Library
2.7 Run the Program
Part Two: Programmer's Guide
3 Basic Types, Strings, and Arrays
3.1 A Simple Native Method
C Prototype for Implementing the Native Method Native Method Arguments Mapping of Types 3.2 Accessing Strings
Converting to Native Strings Freeing Native String Resources Constructing New Strings Other JNI String Functions New JNI String Functions in Java 2 SDK Release 1.2 Summary of JNI String Functions Choosing among the String Functions 3.3 Accessing Arrays
Accessing Arrays in C Accessing Arrays of Primitive Types Summary of JNI Primitvie Array Functions Choosing among the Primitive Array Functions Acessing Arrays of Objects
4 Fields and Methods
4.1 Accessing Fields
Procedure for Accessing an Instance Field Field Descriptors Accessing Static Fields 4.2 Calling Methods
Calling Instance Methods Forming the Method Descriptor Calling Static Methods Calling Instance Methods of a Superclass 4.3 Invoking Constructors
4.4 Caching Field and Method IDs
Caching at the Point of Use Caching in the Defining Class's Initializer Comparison between the Two Approaches to Caching IDs 4.5 Performance of JNI Field and Method Operations
5 Local and Global References
5.1 Local and Global References
Local References Global References Weak Global References Comparing References 5.2 Freeing References
Freeing Local References Managing Local References in Java 2 SDK Release 1.2 Freeing Gloabl References 5.3 Rules for Managing References
6 Exceptions
6.1 Overview
Caching and Throwing Exceptions in Native Code A Utility Function 6.2 Proper Exception Handling
Checking for Exceptions Handling Exceptions Exceptions in Utility Functions
7 The Invocation Interface
7.1 Creating the Java Virtual Machine
7.2 Linking Native Applications with the Java Virtual Machine
Linking with a Known Java Virtual Machine Linking with Unknown Java Virtual Machine 7.3 Attaching Native Threads
8 Additional JNI Features
8.1 JNI and Threads
Contraints Monitor Entry and Exit Monitor Wait and Notify Obtaining a JNIEnvPointer in Arbitrary ContextsMatching the Thread Models 8.2 Writing Internationalized Code
Creating jstrings from Native StringsTranslating jstrings to Native Strings8.3 Registering Native Methods
8.4 Load and Unload Handlers
The JNI_OnLoadHandlerThe JNI_OnUnloadHandler8.5 Reflection Support
8.6 JNI Programming in C++
9 Leveraging Existing Native Libraries
9.1 One-to-One Mapping
9.2 Shared Stubs
9.3 One-to-One Mapping versus Shared Stubs
9.4 Implementation of Shared Stubs
The CPointerClassThe CMallocClassThe CFunctionClass9.5 Peer Classes
Peer Classes in the Java Platform Freeing Native Data Structures Backpointers to Peer Instances
10 Traps and Pitfalls
10.1 Error Checking
10.2 Passing Invalid Arguments to JNI Functions
10.3 Confusing
jclasswithjobject10.4 Truncating
jbooleanArguments10.5 Boundaries between Java Application and Native Code
10.6 Confusing IDs with References
10.7 Caching Field and Method IDs
10.8 Terminating Unicode Strings
10.9 Violating Access Control Rules
10.10 Disregarding Internationalization
10.11 Retaining Virtual Machine Resources
10.12 Excessive Local Reference Creation
10.13 Using Invalid Local References
10.14 Using the
JNIEnvacross Threads10.15 Mismatched Thread Models
Part Three: Specification
11 Overview of the JNI Design
11.1 Design Goals
11.2 Loading Native Libraries
Class Loaders Class Loaders and Native Libraries Locating Native Libraries A Type Safety Restriction Unloading Native Libraries 11.3 Linking Native Methods
11.4 Calling Conventions
11.5 The
JNIEnvInterface PointerOrganization of the JNIEnvInterface PointerBenefits of an Interface Pointer 11.6 Passing Data
Global and Local References Implementing Local References Weak Global References 11.7 Accessing Objects
Accessing Primitive Arrays Fields and Methods 11.8 Errors and Exceptions
No Checking for Programming Errors Java Virtual Machine Exceptions Asynchronous Exceptions
12 JNI Types
12.1 Primitive and Reference Types
Primitive Types Reference Types The jvalueType12.2 Field and Method IDs
12.3 String Formats
UTF-8 Strings Class Descriptors Field Descriptors Method Descriptors 12.4 Constants
13 JNI Functions
13.1 Summary of the JNI Functions
Directly-Exported Invocation Interface Functions The JavaVMInterfaceFunctions Defined in Native Libraries The JNIEnvInterface13.2 Specification of JNI Functions
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